In reviewing 19 federal pattern or practice investigations of law enforcement agencies conducted between 2010 and 2022, 68 percent alleged unnecessary, excessive, unreasonable, and/or unconstitutional use of force by officers. The research sought to understand how agencies caught the attention of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), why investigations began, and their findings. Common themes were identified and compiled based on DOJ’s recommendations. The purpose was to identify proactive steps agencies can take to reduce the risk of becoming involved in a federal “pattern or practice” investigation. The research was narrowed to several key takeaways. The purpose of this session is to provide law enforcement executives ways to identify and address these types of concerns proactively.