InFocus Citations

September: Training

Council on Criminal Justice. (2021). Effectiveness of police training. Task Force on Policing. Retrieved from https://assets.foleon.com/eu-central-1/de-uploads-7e3kk3/41697/effectiveness_of_police_training.f83a079a3503.pdf

Isaza, G. T., McManus, H. D., & Pompoco, A. R. (2022). Integrating evidence into training to improve police services to communities. Journal of Community Justice, XXXII(1), 7–14.

Lum, C., Koper, C. S., Gill, C., Hibdon, J., Telep, C., & Robinson, L. (2016). An evidence-assessment of the recommendations of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing – Implementation and research priorities. Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2022). Police training to promote the rule of law and protect the population. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Research Council (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices. W. Skogan, & K. Frydl (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Reaves, B. A. (2016). State and local law enforcement training academies, 2013. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf

Sherman, L.W. (1998). Evidence-Based policing. National Policing Institute. https://www.policinginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sherman-1998-Evidence-Based-Policing.pdf

Skogan, W. G., Van Craen, M., & Hennessy, C. (2015). Training police for procedural justice. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11, 319–334.

August: Education

Hippert, D.G. (2024). The Role of Criminal Justice Degree Programs in Influencing Use of Force Practices: The Police Supervisor’s Perspective. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2024.2328149

Rydberg, J., & Terrill, W. (2010) The Effect of Higher Education on Police Behavior. Police Quarterly. DOI: 10.1177/1098611109357325

U.S. Department of Justice Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2016). Advancing Diversity in Law Enforcement. https://www.justice.gov/crt/policediversity

July: Evidence-Based Policing

Eccles, M.P., & Mittman, B.S. (2006). Welcome to Implementation Science. Implementation Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-1-1

Sherman, L. W. (1998). Evidence-Based policing. National Policing Institute. https://www.policinginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sherman-1998-Evidence-Based-Policing.pdf

University of Washington. (n.d.). What is implementation science? https://impsciuw.org/implementation-science/learn/implementation-science-overview/#:~:text=The%20field%20of%20implementation%20science,interventions%20and%20evidence%20based%20practices

June: Community Engagement

Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C., Vitter, Z., Bennett, T. (2017). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder, and fear and improve legitimacy and satisfaction with police: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews: Vol. 13. (pp. 1-30). Protocol. https://doi.org/10.1002/CL2.174

Lum, C., & Nagin, D. S. (2017). Reinventing American policing. In M. Tonry & D. S. Nagin (Eds.), Crime and justice: Vol. 46. Reinventing American criminal justice. (pp. 339–393). University of Chicago Press. https://cebcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2017-Lum-and-Nagin-Reinventing-American-Policing.pdf

Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy. Procedural Justice and police legitimacy. (2023, December 6). https://post.ca.gov/procedural-justice-and-police-legitimacy

Rosenbaum, D.P. (2024). Can we fix the “crisis of legitimacy” in American policing? National Policing Institute. https://www.policinginstitute.org/publication/can-we-fix-the-crisis-of-legitimacy-in-american-policing/

Santos, R., & Santos, R. (2024). Operationalizing proactive community engagement: A framework for police organizations. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/resourcecenter/content.ashx/cops-r1145-pub.pdf

Tyler, T. R. (2004). Enhancing police legitimacy. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262627

Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. A. (Eds.). (2019). Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Z7OQDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA27&dq=community+involvement+in+police+operations&ots=tPnsJNSBqm&sig=RruYjmQ5h11anaKfwIHd4nWot18#v=onepage&q=community%20involvement%20in%20police%20operations&f=false

April: Violent Crime Reduction

Braga, A.A., Turchan, B.S., Papachristos, A.V. et al. (2019) Hot spots policing and crime reduction: An update of an ongoing systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Criminol 15, 289–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-019-09372-3 

Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D., & Turchan, B. (2019). Focused deterrence strategies effects on crime: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(3), e1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1051 

Corsaro, N., Engel, R.S., Herold, T.D., & Yildirim, M. (2019). Implementing gang & gun violence reduction strategies in Las Vegas, Nevada: Hot spots evaluation results. Report to the Las Vegas Metro Police Department. 

Koper, C. S. (1995). Just enough police presence: Reducing crime and disorderly behavior by 75 optimizing patrol time in crime hot spots. Justice Quarterly, 12, 649-672. 

McGarrell, E. F., Kroovand Hipple, N., Corsaro, N., Bynum, T. S., Perez, H., Zimmerman, C. A., & Garmo, M. (2009). Project Safe Neighborhoods – A national program to reduce gun crime: Final project report. Michigan State University. 

Santos, R.G. & Santos, R.B. (2020) Stratified policing: An organizational model for proactive crime reduction and accountability. Rowman & Littlefield. 

Skogan, W. G. (2006). The promise of community policing. In D. Weisburd & A. A. Braga (Eds.), Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives (pp. 27-43). Cambridge University Press. 

March: Women in Policing

Milton, C. H., Abramowitz, A., Crites, L., Gates, M., Mintz, E., & Sandler, G. (1974, December). Women in policing a manual. Police Foundation. https://www.policinginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/PF_Women-in-Policing-A-Manual.pdf

Riccucci, N. M., Van Ryzin, G. G., & Lavena, C. F. (2014). Representative bureaucracy in policing: Does it increase perceived legitimacy? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24 (3), 537–551. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu006

Schuck, A. M., & Rabe-Hemp, C. E. (2024). Women police, legitimacy, and ethics of care. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 18. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paae006

Starheim, R., Muhlhausen, D. B., & Captain Ivonne Roman. (2019). Women in policing: Breaking barriers and blazing a path. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/252963.pdf